Cryptographic equipment



'May 29, 1945- A.H. BUCKLEY l 24,377,205

CRYPTOGRPHIC EQUIPMENT Filed oct. "IQ 1942 asheets-sneef 1 May 29, 1945- A. H. BUcKLx-:Y 4 24,377,205Y

CRYPTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT 4 Filed Oct. 7, 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 A. H. BUcKLl-:Y 2,377,205

May 29, 1945.

CRYPTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT Filed oct. 7, 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented May 29, i945 .as'i'azosy cnYP'roGRAPnIC EQUIPMENT y Arthur H. Buckley, Chicago, Application October 7,1942, Serial No. 461,137

('Cl. IS7- 4) 7 Claims.

The invention relates to cryptographic equipment. One object of 'the invention is to provide equipment whereby a message in plain text while it is being printed will be translated into and printed as a cryptogram and the translation will be automatically controlled by code elements on a record, such for example as a perforated tape. and

thereby dispensing with the necessity of reference to the code for the transmission, and facilitating and avoiding error-in translation.

.Another object of the invention is to provide equipment for printing the original text of a'message from a cryptogram and automatically con-- a record with code-elements the translation ofA the message into a cryptogram and the translation of the cryptogram into the original text of the message.

A. still further object of the invention is to provide printing equipment which is adapted to encipher and decipher communications according to different codes.

Another object of the invention is to provide cryptographicvequipment which is operable at a high rate of typewriting speed in enciphering and deciphering communications, which provides the maximum security against penetration and avoids accumulative errors.

Other objects of the invention will appear from the detailed description.

The invention consists in the several novel features which are hereinafter set forth and more particularly defined by claims at the conclusion hereof. 1

, In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic illustrationof the mechanism for automatically controlling the translation of the characters between a manually operated typewriting machineqand an autoin elevation, of the typewriting machine in which the keys are manually operated. Y

Figure 4 is a view, partly in section and partly in elevation, of the printing machine which is controlled by the automatically controlled mechanism'.

Figure 5 is a plan of the step by step feeding mechanism for the tape which is provided with code-elements.

Figure 6 is a section taken on line 6--6 of Figure 5.

The invention is exemplied in equipment which comprises a complete typewriting machine 20 which is manually and key operable; a printing machine 24, which may also be a complete typewriting machine, for simultaneously printing a translation of the matter typed on machine 2B; a tape f which functions as a code and is provided with perforations according to the code used; and mechanism, controlled by the tape, for controlling the translation and selection of the letters or characters to be printed on the automatically controlled machine 2t responsively to the operation of the keys on machine 20.

Printing machine 2li, illustrated in'Fig. 4, is provided with a standard set of key-levers 2l and type-bars 25 respectively operable or controlled by the keys 2l, and a. platen 2S for holding a sheet on which the type-bars 25 will print. Key-levers 21 are operable by solenoids 28,` respectively, which are selectively energized and controlled by `automatic mechanism responsively to the depression of a key on machine 20.

The typewriting machine .20, illustrated in Fig. 3, is provided with a standard set of manually operable keys 2l having designations of the letters of the alphabet thereon, type-bars 22 controlled or operable-by the keys respectively. in

any well known manner, according to the designations for printing the letters on the keys 2 I.

The machines 20 and 24, as illustrated, are of standard motorized type and the printing mechanism may be of' any suitable or usual construction. 'Ihe linger-pieces on levers 21 of machine I 2l, which are operable by the solenoids 28, respectively, are-notnecessaryfor operation by the automatically controlling mechanism hereinafter described, but a complete standard typewriting chine 20 to a printed cryptogram on the machine Figure 3 is a view, partly in section and partly 55 machine on account of its availability.

The invention provides for the automatic selection and control of the solenoids 28to translate a. message typed in plain text on the ma- 24 and also to translate the cryptogram typed on machine 20 to its original text on the machine 2t. These translations are controlled by the code-elements on a tape and mechanism controlled by the tape, during the depression of the keys for typing a message on machine 2t.

Each key on machine 2li has associated therewith a pair of normally open switches 2@ and 30 which are closed when the key is depressed in typing a letter on machine 2t. Switches 29 control the ow of current from battery t Via conductor c11 for energizing the solenoids 23 for the individual operation of the key-levers 2l on machine 22 when the key 2i is depressed.' The current from the solenoids 2@ ilows via a branch conductor c1 to the negative side of battery 8. Switches s@ control the flow of current from battery d between conductor cu which is connected to the positive si'de of said battery, and a conductor c to the code-connected mechanism hereinafter described, for controlling the mechanism for selectively controlling the operation of the solenoids 28 on the machine 2t.

Conductors 35 lead from each of the key-contro'lled switches 29, respectively, for supplying current via the controlling mechanism hereinafter described to the solenoids 2t which automatically control the typing on the machine 2d. In Fig. 2 the letters are indicated with the conductors 35 which are connected to said switches, and the letters which are printed on machine 2e through the energization of the solenoids 28 are indicated with the solenoids, respectively.

The mechanism for selectively controlling the operation of the solenoids 28 for shifting the keylevers 2l on machine 2li comprises a group r of thirteen normally open' switches which are automatically controlled by the code-elements or perforations on the tape f by mechanism hereinafter described. This group r comprises switches desighated ,-1, 'T2' 7o, T4' 7.5, r6 T7 Ta, ya T10, T.11 7x2, ,.13 each of which comprises two sections which are connected together. In Fig. 2 these .sections are -shown separated for clarity in illustration, a1-

though secured together for simultaneous closing by one of the electromagnets hereinafter described. Each section includes a set of thirteen stationary contacts 3i and a movable set of thirteen movable contacts 32 respectively engageable with the contacts 3l. Each conductor 35 leading from thirteen of the key operable switches 2d is connected in arithmetical progression to thirteen sections of the group of switches r and each conductor 35 leading from the other thirteen switches 29 is connected in arithmetical progression to the contacts Si of the other thirteen sections of the group of switches r, as illustrated in i Fig. 2. For example, in the section of switch ri' which is connected by a conductor 35 to the switch 29 associated with the key-lever 2l for printing' the letter A on machine 20, the first contact 3l from the left is connected to the second-contact of switch 12, the third contact 3l of the switch r3, the fourth contact 3l of the switch r4,

. the fth contact 3l of the switch T5, the sixth contact 3l of the switch r6, the seventh contact 3B of the switch r'1, the eighth contact 3l of switch f8, the ninth contact 3i of the switch r9, the tenth contact 3l of the switch r1, the eleventh contact annees of said switches are connected in series as illustrated in Fig. 2.

' The connections between the switches of group r and the solenoids 28 include a switch k which comprises twenty -six movable members k1 which are conjointly shiftable by a bar k2. The members k1 of switch lc are shiftable byy an electrornagnet m'I which is automatically controlled by perforations f7 in the tape f. Ea/ch switch-member k1 is adapted alternately to engage contacts Ic and k3 and is normally held by a spring k6 to engage a contact Ici. When magnet mr1 is energized all of the vmembers k1 will be shifted into engagement with contacts k3, respectively. The alternating contacts c4 of switch k are. connected by .conductors 35B and 35h to the series-connections between the sections of the thirteen switches of the group r. The switch Ic functions to connect each of the conductors t, 35h to either of an adjacent pair of solenoids 2d.

The connections between the group of switches r and the switch k include a switch Z which comprises twenty-six movable member l' which are connected for conjoint manual shift by a bar l2. Said switch ll provides a path for current from each of said conductors 35a, 35h, via a contact l3 and a switch-member Z' to the solenoid 28 to the right of the solenoid by contacts k3, h4, to whichv said conductors are connected when the switchf any letter of the alphabet on machine 2t.

A group e comprising electromagnets e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e", e3, e9, el, e, cl2, e13 which function to close the switches r1, r2, 1'3, r4, f5, 1J, r", r, r9, r1, r11, r1, 1'13 of the group r, respectively. This series of magnets is selectively controlled by the perforations in the tape -f.

The mechanism for automatically and selectively controlling, from the tape, the magnets of group e to close the switches of group r comprises: a series of permutatably closable switches s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6; a series of switch-contacts c1,

c2,.c3,c4, c5, c6, c'I which are adapted to receive current through the perforations in tape a series of electromagnets 'm1, m2, m3, 111.4, m5, m, m'I which are controlled respectively by the contacts which receive current through said perforations; mechanism for advancing the tape one step after each printing operation; and a group u. of manually shiftable switch-members u2, a3, a4, u", us, u", u, u, u1, uu, 11,12, 11.13, which are connected for simultaneous shift by a bar u, and connections between the group of switches u and the group of magnets e for varying the selection in said pawl. Lever p" is shifted for the idle stroke of said pawl by an electromagnet 1n.l which'ls connected to receive current from switches Il via' the conductor e9. A conductor cI leadsfrom magnet ms to the negative side of the battery l.

This mechanism advances the tape one step after each depression of a key 2| of machine 20.

The perforations in the'tape f are permutably arranged along seven longitudinal lines'ior engagement with the drum of switch-contacts c1. c2, c3, c, c5, c, cl, respectively. A switch contact c constantly contacts the drum and is con-` nected to receive current from the conductor c' through the key-operable switches 30. Current from the drum p1 passes: to switch-contactcl.

through the perforations f1 in the tape f, for enersiZing magnet ml which shifts the switch s1; to switch-contact c2 through the perforations f2 in the tape f, for energizing magnets:2 which shifts the switch s2; to switch-contact c3, through the perforations f3 in the tane f, for energizing magnet m3 which shifts the switch as; 'to switchcontact c4 through the peroratlons f4 in the tape f, for energizing magnet mt which shifts the switch s4; to switch-contact c5, through the perforations ,f5 in the tape f, for energizing magnet m5 which shifts the switch 35; to switch-contact ce, through the perforations fin the tape f, for energizing magnet m which shifts the switch se; and to switch-contact c?, through Derforations f7 in the tape f, for energizing the electromagnet m7 which is adapted to shift the switchk. The perforaticns Il, f". f3, in the tape are transversely aligned in pairs so they will coact to simultaneously energize a pair of electromagnets m1m2, m3, m4, m5, mi, for examiple m2 and m3; m1 and m4; m2 and mi; m3 and m4; m1 and m5; m2 and m5; m3 and m5; m4 and m5; m1 and m6; m2 and ma; m3 and m6; m4 and m6; and m5 and m6. Each mixing is adapted to permutably control the closing, of a pairlolf the s series of switches for circuits for energizing the electrcmagnets of the e series, respectively. The perforationsf' in the tape are arranged longitudinally with transversely aligned alternately successive pairs of the perforations which control the magnets m1 to me, inclusive, or two steps apart so that contact c'lwill receive current from the drum at alternate stations for energizing the magnet m" to shift switch Ic during alternate depressions of the keys 2 i L With the code periorations illustrated in the tape f in Fig. 1, the switches s1, s2, s3, c4, c5, s*s can be permutably closed by the electromagnets m1, m2, m3, m4, lm5. mii for selectively controlling the solenoids 28 o! machine 24, as follows: when switches s', s3 which are controlled by a pair of perforations I. f3, are closed, current will pass from the battery 8, via conductor c, the switch 3B closed by the depressed key, conductor c. switch s, conductor IS, the left hand contacts of switch s3, and conductor Il to energize magnet e1 and close switch r1 while the contacts Ich 1c4 of switch k are encased; when switches s2, al..

areclcsed,V and electromagnet m", which is conner and switch Ic willbe automatically shifted to engage contacts k1, k3 and vary the selection of closed, current will ilow via conductor c', from 'the depressed switch 3|, switch s1, conductor Il,

the left hand contacts of switch r. and switch al,

when switches s1, s* are closed in the same mannerendmasnetm'issimultaneouslye switch k will be shifted t0 em contacts k1, k3;

when switches s, s4. which are controlled by perforations i. I. are closed, cin-rent will flow from the depressed switch Il, via. conductor c', switch s, the second contacts from the lett of switch r,

switch u. to energize magnet e3.which will close switch r3 while the contacts k1. k* of switch Ic are engagedrwhen switches s. s* are closed in theA same manner and magnet m", which is controlled by a. perforation f', is energized, switch r will be closed and switch Ic will be shifted to cnsae contacts k1, k3; when switches s3, s4, which are controlled by perforations f3.1, are closed, current will pass from the closed switch It, via conductor c, the right hand contacts of switch t5. the second contacts from the right of switch si, switch u, to energize magnet e* which will close switch r4 while the contacts k1, Ic of switch it are encased; when switches s3, s4 are closed and mawnet 1n' is simultaneously energized, switch r4 will be closed in the same manner and switch t will .be shifted to engage contacts ki, k3; when switch@ 31, a5, which are controlled by periorations f1, l,

are closed. current will ow from` the closed switch at, via conductor c, switch s1, conductor 4B, the rst contacts at the left of switch s.

switch u5,'to energize magnet e which will close switch rs while the contacts k1, Ic* of switch lc are engaged; when switches sl, a5 are closed, and magnet m", which is controlled by perforation i". is simultaneously energized, switch r will m closed in the same manner and switch il: will be shifted to engage contacts icl. k3; when switches s, s, which are controlled by perforations f5.

are closed, current will flow from the closed switch tt, via conductor c, switch s, conductor tt, the second contacts from the left of switch sa, and switch u, to energize magnet e to closeswiteh 1rG while the contacts k1, Ic" of switch 7c remain engaged; when switches s3, a5 are closed, and mcsnet in'z is simultaneously energized, switch 1 will he closed in the same manner and switch k will be shifted to engase contacts Ich when switches s3, c5, which, are controlled by rforations F, it, are closed, current will flow from the closed swim 80, via conductor c, the right hand contacts ci switch s. conductor- M, the third contacts from f the left of switch e5, and switch u", to energize i right hand contacts of switch s4, conductor l2, the

, second contacts from the richt of switch s4, and

'trolled by perforation f. is simultaneously enern gii':ed,switch r1 willbeclosedinthesameman-- switch u8, to energize'magnet e which will close switch 1r' while the-contacts k1, kf of switch k remain engaged: when switches s4, s are' closed, and magnet m" is simultaneously energized-,switch r' Willrbeclosedinthesame mannerandswitchk will be shifted to engage contacts k3; when the switches s1, s, which' are controlled by perforations I. f; are closed, current will flow from the closed switch 3l, via conductor e', switch :1, conductor Il, the rst contacts to the left of switch s", and switch u', to magnet e which will close switch r while the contactskl, lr:t of switch k remein ensued; when switches al, s are closed 3 Y mener-emmener@ wmcnwuiclose switch# whilethecontactslckktofswitchkareenmem and magnet m'if is simultaneously energized. switch r9 will be closed in the same manner and switch k will be shifted to engage contacts k1. k3;

' when switches s, s, which are controlled by perit remain engaged; when switches s2, s are closed,

and magnet m7 whichis controlled by a. perforation f',.is energized, switch Tw will be closed in the same manner and switchlc will be shifted to engage eontacts'lcl, k3; when switches s3, s, which are controlled by perforations f3, f6, are closed, current will ow from the closed switch di?, via conductor c, the right hand contacts of switch si, conductor d2, the second contacts from the right of switch s6, and switch u1, to energize magnet e12 which will close switch T12, while contacts icl, 'ist of switch k remain energized. When switches si, s'3 are closed, and magnet m7, which is controlled byperforations f", is simultaneously energized, switch T12 will be closed in the same manner and switch k shifted to engage contacts is?, k3; when switches 85, s6, which are controlled by perforationsf, f5, are closed current will iiow from the closed switch 3d, via conductor e9, the right hand contacts of switch 35, conductor 53, the right hand contacts of switch es, and switch a to energize magnet cl3 which will close switch r while contacts Iclylr.4 ci switch k remain engaged. When switches S5, s6 are closed, and magnet 1n", which is controlled by a periorttion i",

is simultaneously energized, switch T13 will be closed in the same manner and switch Ic will be shifted to engage contacts k1, k3. formed of insulating material so that current will pees from the drum to the contacts c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c, c'1 only when the perforations permit them to engage the drum.

To exemplify the variations in the letters which may be printed on the machine 2d in response to the depression of a, key on machine 2li through the automatic and selective tape or code-controlled mechanism, the selection or printing of the letters of the alphabet on machine 2t will next be described in connection with the key-lever for printing A on machine 20, which is controlled by the upper sections of ythe group of switches shown in Fig. 2.

With the code on the tape ,f illustrated in Fig. l, the depression of the key 2l for printing A on machine 20 while contacts c2 and c3 engage the drum p through perforations f2, f3, at the closed switch 30, close circuits for energizing magnets m,2 and m3 to close switches s2, s3 for energizing the magnet cl to shift switch r1 through the following circuit from the switch 29 which is closed by the depressed key: Conductor c, switch s2,.

conductor 39, lthe left hand contact on switch s3, electromagnet e1, and conductor C10. Switch r1 will then establish a circuit from conductor c, via the closed switch 29, a conductor 35, the left hand pair of contacts on the upper section of switch 1'1, a conductor 35a, a, contact Ic4,`a'switch member k1, for energizing the magnet 28 which operates the key-lever 2l for printing the letter A" on the machine 2li. The tape f is advanced one step when the depressed key 2l is released, and perforations f2, f3, f". will be moved into position for engagement of switch-contacts c2, c3 and c" with the drum p1. The next depression of the same key 2l will cause the magnet e1 to be ener- The tape I isv gizedwto shift switch r1 as before described. and electromagnet m" will receive current via contact c" and hold the switch k in its alternate position to engage contacts k3. Current will then ilow from the closed switch 29, via a conductor 85, .the left hand pair of contacts on the upper section of switch r1, conductors 35 and 5d, a contact it, switch member l,a contact k3, and a switchmember k1, to energize the solenoid 2t for causing the letter Z to be printed on machine 26.

When the key 2l for printing A on machine l 2@ is next depressed, contacts cl'and ci will re ceive current from drum p1 through perforations f1, f4 and magnets m1 and m4 will be energized to close switches s1 and s4 for energizing the net e2 to shift switch r2 through the following circuit from the switch 29 which is closed by the depressed irey: conductor e9, switch s1, conductor til, the left hand contact on switch s4, switch il, electromagnet e2, and conductor cw. Switch r2 will then he closed to establish a circuit from conductor c, via the closed switch 2d, a conductor 35, the second pair of contacts from the left of switch r2, a conductor 35, a contactlc and a switch-member k1 for energizing the magnet 2&2 which shifts the key-lever 2l which causes the letter C to be printed on the machine 23. The

tape f is next advanced one step when the depressed' key 2i is released, so that a perforation f" will permit switch-contact c'I to receive current from the drum p1 to energize magnet m7 and contacts c1, c1 will also receive current through periorations f1, f4. The next depression of the se key 2i will cause the magnet e2 to be energized to shift switch r2 asbefore-described and elec tromagnet m'1 is energized by current from contact c'I to hold the switch Ic in its alternative position. Current will then ow via the second pair g' vof contacts from the left of switch r2, a contact i3.

to engage contacts k3.

a switch Al', a contact k3, switch member k1 and energize the magnet 28 which operates the keylever for printing B on machine 2t. Upon release of said key-lever 2| .the tape f will be again advanced one step and will bring the next transversely aligned perforations f2, f4 to the contacts 1f the key 2l for printing A on machine 2@ l is next depressed, contacts c2, c4 will receive current from drum p1 through perforations l2, 14 so that magnets m2, m4 will be energized and close switches s2 s4 for energizing the magnet e3 to shift switch r3 through the following circuit from the switch 29 which is closed by the depressed key: Conductor c9, switch s1, conductor 39, the second contact from the left on switch s, switch n3, electromagnet e3, and conductor c1". Switch r3 will then be closed to establish a circuit via conductor c11, the closed switch 29, a conductor 35, the third pair of contacts from the left on contact switch r3, a, conductor 35B and a contact 104 for energizing that magnet 2t which is connected to shift the key-lever 2l for printing the letter- E on machine 2li. The tape f is next advanced one step when the depressed key 2l is released, so that a perforation f7 will be in position to permit switch-contact c` to engage the drum p1 to energize magnet m" and contacts c1 c4 can receive current through perforations f1 f4. The next depression of the same key 2l will cause the magnet e3 to be energized to shift switch r3 as before described and the electromagnet mi? to receive current from contact c'l and hold the switch k in a position Current will then ilow via the thirdk pair of contacts from the lett of rc1, for energizing that magnet 28 which operates 'the key-lever 21 for printing F" on machine 24. Upon release of said key-lever 2l the tape' f will be again advanced one step and will bring the next transversely aligned perforations f3, f4 to the contacts c3. c". 1

If the key 2i for printing A on machine 2,0 is then depressedcontacts c3,-c4 will receive currentfrom drum p1 through perforations f3, f4 so that magnets m3, m4 will be energized and close switches s3, s4 for energizing the magnet e4 to shift switch 1'4 through the following circuit from the switch 29 which is closed by the depressed key: Conductor e9 switch s1, conductor 39, the second contact from the left on switch s4, switch ui, electromagnet e4, and conductor ci. Switch r4 will then establish a circuit from conductor c, via the closed switch 29, a conductor 35, the

cause the magnet e4 'to be energized to shift switch r4 as before described andthe electromagnet m'I to receive. current from contact. c" and the switch lc in a position to engage contacts k3. ,Current will then ow via the fourth pair of contacts from the left of switch r4, a conductor 3%, a contact Z3, a switch-member l', a contactV 7c3, and a switch-member kl for energizing the magnet 2B which shifts the key-lever 21 for print-V ing the letter H on machine 2d; Upon release of key-lever 2i the tape will be again advanced one step and will bring the next transversely aligned perforations I?, f5 t the contacts ,If the key 21| for printing A on machine 20 is again depressed, contacts c1, c5 will receive current from drum. 1# through perforations f1, f5 so that magnets mi, m5 will be energized and close switches si, si for energizing the magnet e5 to shift switch f5 through the following circuit from the switch 29 which is closed by the depressed key: Conductor e9, switch si, conductor MI, the left hand contact on switch S5, Switch us, electromagnet e5. and conductor c1". then establish a circuit from'conductor 01,1, via the'closed switch 29,'a conductor 35, thefth pair of contacts from the left of contact switch 1-5. a conductor 351EL and a contact 764 for energizing that magnet' 28 which is connected to the key-lever 21 ,for printing the letter I on machine 26. The tape f is next advanced one step when the depressedkey 2| is released, so that a perforation f" will be in position to permit switchcontact c" to engage Athe drum p1 and contacts "1* and c5 will receive current through perforations lf1 and f5.. The next depression of the' same key 2| will cause the magnet es to be energized to shift switch rls as before described and electrnmagnet m" to receive current from contact c1 and hnlrl'vthe switch k in position to engage contar-.ts k3. Current will then flow via the fifth pair of contacts from the left of switch f5', va conductnrwgllg. a contact Z3, a switch 'member l', a'

contact k'fand a switch-member k1 for ener- Y the magnet 2l for operating key-lever and conductor c1.

for printing the letter J on machine 24. Upon release of said key-lever 2l the tape f will be again advanced one step and will bring the next transversely aligned perforations f2, f5 to the contacts c2, c5.

If the key 2| for printing A on machine 20 is again depressed, contacts c2, c5 will receive current from drum p1 through perforations f2, f5 so that magnets m2, m5 will be energized and close switches s2, ss for energizing the magnet Zes to shift switch 14* through the following circuit from the switch 29 which is closed by the depressed key: Conductor e9, switch s2, conductor 39, the left hand contact on switch S5, switch u", electromagnet e6, and conductor c1". Switch r" will then establish a circuit from conductor cn, via closed switch 29, a conductor $5, the sixthpair of contacts from the left of contact-switch r, a conductor 35a, and a contact la* for energizing that magnet 28 which is connected to shift Vthe keylever 27 for printing the letter K on the machine 215. The tape f is advanced one step when the depressed key 2| is released, so that a perforation f7 will permit switch-contact cI to receive current through perforations f2 and f5; The next depression of the same key 2i will cause the magnet e to be energized to shift switch r6 as before describedand electromagnet mi to receive current from contact e" and hold the switch 7c in position to engage contacts le. Current will then flow via the sixth pair of contacts from the left of switch r6, a conductor the, a contact Z3, a switch-member l', a contact k3, and a switchmember k1 for energizing that magnet 28 which is connected to shift the key-lever 27 for printing the letter L on machine 2d. Upon release of said key-lever 2i, the tape f will be again advanced one step and will bring the next transvverselyaligned perforations f3, f5 to the contacts If the key 2| for printing A on machine 20 is next depressed, contacts c, c5 will receive current from drum p1 throughperforations f3, f5 so that magnets m3, m5 will be energized sind close switches '33, 35 for energizing the magnet e' '.to shift switchr" through the following circuit from the switch 29 which is closed by the depressed key: Conductor e9, the right hand contact of switch 54",' conductor 4|, the third contact from the left on switch s4, switch u", electromagnet e", Switch r" will then be closed to establish a circuit from conductor cu, via the closed switch 29, a conductor 35, the seventh pair of contacts from the left of contact-switch r, a conductor-35 and a contact k4 for energizing that magnet 28 which is connected to the lever 2li for printing'the letter "M on the machine 2d. The tape f is -next advanced one step when the depressed key 2| is released, so that a perforation ff will permit switch-contact eI to receive current from the drum p1 to energize magnet m" and conjtacts c3, c*i to receive current through perforations f3, i".

The next depression of thesaine key 2| will cause the magnet e" tdbe energized to shift switch r" as before described and electromagnet m" to receive current from contact c" to `hold the switch 7c in position to engage contacts Currentwill then flow via the seventh pair of contacts from the left on switch r",-a conductor 35. a con-tact?, a switch-member l', a contact Y k3, and a switch-member k1, for energizing that If lthe key 2l for printing A on machine 2@ is from drum p1 through perforations f4. so that magnets m4, m will be energized and close switchess, s5 for energizing the magnet e" to shift switch v8 through the following circuit from the switch 29 which is closed by the depressed hey: Conductor ci, -the`right hand contact of switch s4, conductor di, the third contact from the left on switch 85, switch us. electro-magnet es, and conductor ci. Switch ra will then he closed to establish a circuit from conductor c, via the closed switch 2Q, a conductor 35, the eighth pair of contacts from. the left of' contactD switch f8, and a conductor 3E for energizing that magnet 28 which is connected to shift the keyiever 2l for printing the letter 0" on the machine it. The tape f is next advanced one step when the depressed key 2i is released, so that a perforation f' will permit switch-contact c'zr to receive current from the drum p1 to energize?) magnet m" and contacts c4, cs to receive current through perforations f4, f5. The next depression of the same key 2i will cause the magnet e8 to he energized to shift switch ra as hefore described and electromagnet m'z tc receive current from contact c" to hold the switch k in position to engage contacts k3." Current will then now via the eighth pair of contacts from the left on switch r, a conductor 35", a contact 1, a switchmember Z', a contact k?, and a switch-member Fc* for energizing that magnet 2t which is connected to shift the key-lever 21 for printing the letter P on machine 2d. Upon release of said keylever 2i the tape ,f will be again advanced one step and will bring the next transversely aligned periorations f1, 1 to the contacts c1, c".

it the key 2l for printing A on machine 20 is next depressed, contacts c1, c6 will receive current from drum p1 through perforations fl, j so that the magnets m1, m will be energized and close switches s1, s6 for energizing the magnet es to shift switch 19 through the following circuit from the switch 29 which is closed bythe depressed key: vConductor c, switch 31, conductor `released, so that a. perforation f" will permit switch-contact c7 to receive current from the drum p1 and contacts c1, c will receive current through perforations f1, f". The next depression of the same key 2l will cause the magnet e to be enersized to shift switch rv as before described and electromagnet m" to receive current from contact c" to hold the switch k in position to engage contacts k3. Current will then ow via the ninth pair of contacts Yfrom the left on switch r", a conductor/35, a contact Z3, a switch l'. acontect k3, a switch-member k1, andenergize that magnet'z which is connected to shift the key-leven 21 for printing the letter R" on machine 24. Upon re. lease of said key-lever 2l the tape ,f will be again advancedone step and will bring the next transversely aligned perforations f2, ,f6 tocontacts c2, c.

If the key for printing A" on machine 20 is escasos next transversely/.aligned perfor-ations f4, i to the contacts c4, c5.

next depressed, contacts c, c will receive current from drum p1 through perforations so that magnets m2, m will be energized and close switches s, s for energizing the magnet e" to shift switch r1^ through the following circuit from the switch which is closed by the depressed key: Conductor e9, switch s3, conductor 39,- the second contact from the lett on switch S5, switch n10, electromagnet el, and conductor ci". Switch r1 will then he closed to establish a circuit from conductor c, via the closed switch 29, a conductor t5, the eleventh pair of contacts from the left oi contact-switch r1", a conductor 35, anda contact fc4, for energizing that magnet 2d which is connected to shift the key-lever 'i for printing the letter S on the machine 20. The tape is next advanced one step when the depressed key 2i is released, so that a perforation i" will permit switch-contact c" to receive current from the drum p1 to energize magnet m" and contacts c2, ca to receive current through pereforations f2, f6. rlihe next depression of the same key 2i will cause the magnet elo to be energized to shift switch 1'10 as before described and electromagnet m'I to receive current from contact c7 to hold the switch k in position to engage contacts k3. Current vwill then ow via the tenth pair of contacts from the left on switch r1, a contact I3, a switch l', a contact k3. a switch-mmer k1, and energize that magnet 28 which is connected to shift the key-lever 21 for printing the letter T on machine 24. Upon release of said key-lever 2| the tape f will be again advanced one step and will bring the next transversely aligned perforations f3, f to the contacts c3, c6.

It the key for printing A on machine 2d is next depressed, contacts c3, c will receive current from drum p1 through perforatons P, f, so that magnets m3, m6 will be energized and close switches s3, s for. energizing the magnet e to shift switch r1l through the following circuit from the switch 29 which is closed by the depressed key: Conductor ci. the right hand contact of switch s3, conductor M, the third contact from the left on switch s6, switch u, electromagnet e, a conductor c1. Switch r11 will then be closed to establish a circuit from conductor c, via the closed switch 29, a conductor 35, the eleventh pair of contacts from the left of switch r, a conductor 36e and v a contact k4 for energizing that magnet which is connected to shii't the key-lever 2l for printing the letter U" on the machine 24. The v.tape f is next advanced one step when the depressed key Zi ris released, so that a perforation f' will permit switch-contact c7 to(receive current from the drum p1 to energize magnet m7 and contacts c3, c*i to receive current though periorations f3, f6. The next depression of the same key 2i will cause Ythe magnet eu to be energized to shift switch r11 as before described and electromagnet m" to receive current i'oxn contact c" to hold the. switch Ic in position to engage contact k3; Current will then iiow via the eleventh pair of contacts from the left on switch r11, a contact I3, a switch l', a contact k3, switch-member k1, and energizethat magnet 2l which is connected to shift the keylever 21 for printing the letter "V on machine 2|, Upon release of said key-lever 2i the tape! will be again advanced one step andcwill bringI the next transversely aligned pertorations f4, l

to the contacts c, c5.

4If the key 2| for printing A on machine' 2t is next depressed, contacts c4, c will receive cur-- j rent from drun'i p1 through perforations f4, f6.

so that magnets m4, ms will be energized and :assainirl close switches s4, 8 for energizing the magnet cnl to shift switch r1 through the following circuit from the switch 29 which is closed by the depressed key: Conductor e9, the right hand contact of switch s4, conductor 42, the fourth contact from the left, onw switch s, switch ul, electromagnet el, and conductor cio. Switch T12 will then be closed to establish a circuit from conductor c, via the closed switch it, a conciuctor, the twelfth pair of contacts from the left on switch r", a conductor 35, and a contact ki for energizing that magnet 28 which is connected to shift the key-lever il for printing the letter "W onthe machine 26. The tape f is next advanced one step when the depressed key ti is released, so that a perforation f' will permit switch-contact c'I to receive current from the drum p1 and contacts c4 and c to receive current through perforations f4, f6. The next depression of the same key Zi will cause the magnet will be againedvanced one step and will bring the nest transversely aligned to the contacts c5, cs.

if the hey ii for printing A" on machine 2li is perforations f5, f

- nest deprd, contacts c, c will receive current from drum p1 through perforations f5.' I, s0 that magnetsy si, m will be energized and close switches s, si for energizing the magnet e't to st switch r11 through the following circuit from the switch it which is closed by the depressed hey: Conductor c, the right hand contact of switch c5, conductor t2. the contact on the right of switch s, switch u, electromagnet en, and conductor ci.

closed switch it, a conductor it, the thirteenth pair of contacts from the left 'of contact-switch 7', a conductor it, a contact 7:4, for energizing that magnet 2t whichV isconnected -to shift the hey-lever 2i foi-printing the letter Y" on the chine 2t. The ltape j' is next advanced `one step when the depressed key 2| is released, solthat a perforation j" `will permit switch-contact c'I to receive current from the drum p1 to energize magnet m" and contacts cls and c' to receive cur- Switch r11* will then be closed to' establish a circuit from conductor c, via the The alternate contacts k* are directly connected to conductors 35, l5 respectively for the' ilow of current from said conductors via contacts i:4 and members k1 through the solenoids respectively, as selectively controlled by the switches r.

'When switch k is shifted to engage contacts It",

the selection of the solenoids it will be varied by current which may flow from each of said conductors via a contactl, member Z', a contact la, and switch-member k1 to the nest solenoid tu to the left. This change occurs during the of the text of a message on machine 2li and a cryptogram on machine 2t.l

The invention provides for typing on the machine Zt a translation of the cryptogram when it.

is typed on the machine 20, and utilizes the me or a like perforated tape f with like code-elements or arrangement of the perforations for" When translating the cryptogram being typed on machine 2li to the original text on machine 2t, the group of switches'u will be shifted to vary Y the selection of the switches of the group r by thel tape controlled mechanism for selection oi' the solenoids maior said translation and the switch l will be manually shifted to' the left so that members l will engage contacts Z3.' When switch v k is in its normal positionrand engaged with contacts Icil the solenoids will be selectively controlled by the change in the selective closing of the swimhes of the group r as they are con,

trolled by the switches u. When the switch lc is shifted to the left under control of the periorations f" in the tape f while switch l is shifted Vtothe left, members k1 will engage contacts It:

and be disengaged from contacts fc4. Current may tlen iiow from conductors i5, 3th via con tacts i3, members l', contacts k3 and members l to the solenoids at the right of those to which the conductors are connected throughcontacts fc4. This changes the selection of the solenoids 2B under control of the switches rand u for typing the translation of the cryptogram on machine 2t and machine 2t is used for typing; The switch r1, which is closed by magnet Z when a pair of perforations f2, f3 are at the operative station,

rent through-perforations j, fs. The next de- Y pression of the same key 2l will cause the magnet e to be energized to shift switch -1-13 as before described and` electromagnet m" to receive current from'contact o'I to hold the switch kin position to engage contacts Ic. Current willlthen ilow via the thirteenth pair of contactsfrom the letton switch ri, a contact I3, a switch-member l', a contact k3, a switch-member k1, and energize that magnet 2| which is connected to shift the key-lever 21 for printing theletter Z on maj chine 2 4. Upon release of said key-lever 2l the to the contacts associated `with thecauses switches s, s3 to be closed, control connections tothe solenoids 2B for typing the same letter on machine 24 which is typed on machine 20, Vand for that reason no translation is neces sary for the selection of the solenoids 28A when the cryptogram is being typed on machine 20 for is Grace" and the code used is that represented on the tape f, the latter will be initially placed circuits forenergizing magnets 'm2 m3 to close switches s, s for selectivelyenersizing magnet eli to close switch r1. Switch r1 will close a circuit for current to flow from the closed switch' 2i, via. v t theconductor 35- which la connected to saldv translation to the original message on machine 24 I exempliiication of 'the operation of the ma` `chine will be as follows: Assuming the message switch 2t, the fourth pair o contacts from the left of the section of the switch r1 towhich said switch 29 is connected, a conductor 36B, a contact fc4, a switch-member k1, to energize the magnet t@ to cause the letter "G" to be typed on machine 2d. Upon release of the `manually depressed key the tape will be advanced one step to cause contacts c2, c3 and c7 through transversely aligned perfor-ations f2, f3 and/f' to engage the drum.

Next the operator will depress the key for typ. ing the letter "R on machine i@ which will close the switches 29, 30 associated with said key. Switch 3@ will close the circuits for energizing magnets m2, m3 to close switches s, s3 and for energ i .i the magnet m7 to shift switch it to the left to engage contacts k3. Current will then dow from the closed switch 29, via the conductor 23E connetced to said switch 2t, the fth pair of contacts from the right of the section of the switch r1 to which said conductor 35 is connected,

a conductor 35h, a conductor l5, a contact Z3, a

switch-member l', a contact k3, and a switch member k1, to energize the magnet il@ for typing "S on thevmachine 2d. 'Upon release of the manually depressed key, the tape f will be advanced so that contacts cl, ci, through a pair of transversely alignedperforations f1, f4, will engage the drum p1- Next the operator will depress the key for the letter A on machine 20 which will close switches te, 3i! associated with said key. Contacts c1, c* will close circuits to energize magnets' m1, m4 for closing switches s1, s4 for selectively energizing the magnet e2 to close switch r2. Current will then ilow from the closed switch 2Q, via the conductor 36 connected to said switch 29, the second pair oi contacts from the leftoi the section of switch r2 to which the closed switch 29 is connected, a conductor S52, a contact h4, and switchmember k1 to selectively energize'the magnet 2B for typing the letter C'on machine 2d. When the manually depressed key is released the tape will -be advanced one step and contacts ci# c4k and c" will, through transversely aligned perforations f1, f4 and f3, engage drum p1.

The operator will next depress the key for typing the letter C on machine 20 and close the associated switches 29 and 36. Magnets m1, m4 will be energized to shift associated switches s1, s4 to selectively energize the magnet e2 and close the switch r2. The l'contact c'i will close the circuit i'orenergizing the magnetm'I which will shift the switch k to the left to engage the contacts k3. Current will then flow from the conductor 35 connected to said closed switch 29, via the third pair of contacts from the left of the section of switch rf to which said switch 29 is connected, a conductor 35, a conductor l, a contact I4, a switch-member l', a contact k3, a switchmember k1, to energize the magnet 28 for typing 'the letter F on machine 24. When the man-f `ually depressed key is released the tape will be advanced one step so that contacts c2, c* will,

through a p air of transversely aligned perforatlons P, 1*, engage drum p1.

The Operator will next depress the key'for typing the. letter E" on machine 2@ which will close the switches 29, associated with said key. Y Said the section of switch r3 to which said closed switch 29 is connected, a conductor a contact 2:4, a switch-member' k1, to energize the Vmagnet 2d for typing the letter I on machine-2d. The typing of the message on-machine 2c will produce the cryptogram Gscfi on machine 2d,

When the equipment is used for printing the original message on machine 2d by typing'o the cryptogram on machine 2t, the switch a will be shifted to the right to change the selection oi the magnets of the e-serles resulting from :the perforations in the tape f and the switch il is shifted to the left to change the connections between the conductors 35 and @5b and the magnets tid at the contacts 13 for switch-members l. Theequipinent will then function to print on the machine 26 the text of the original message when the cryptogram is typed on the machine 29.

Assuming the cryptogram to be that produced in the operation last described, the tape will be set -to bring the code perforations to the drum contacts in the same order in which they were used in typing the cryptogram. The operator will depress the key for typing the letter G" on mas chine 2t and close the switches 29, t@ associated with said key. Contacts c2, c1i will, through perforations f, f3, engage drum p1' and establish circuits for nets m2, miI td close switches s?, s3 for selectively energizing the magnet e1 and closing switch r1. Current will then iiow from the Aconductor 3d connected to said closed switch it,

via the fourth pair of contacts from the left of the section of the switch r1 to which said closed switch 29 is connected, a conductor 35, a contact Ic, switch-member k1, and energize the magnet 28 for typing the letter G on machine iid. The tape f will be advanced one step when the manually depressed key is released to position transversely aligned perforations i2, f3 and f' so that contacts c2, c and c1 will engage drum p1.

The key for typing the letter S on machine will then be depressed and close the associated switches 29. and 80. Magnets m2, mii will be energized and shift switch lc to the left Switch s2, s3 will close the circuit for energizing gnet e1 which will close switch r1. Current will then ow from the conductor 35 which is connected to the closed switch 29, via the fourth pair. of contacts from the right of the series oi the switch r1 to which said closed switch 29 is connected, a conb ductor 35h, a contact Z3, a switch-member l', a

contact k3, and a. switch-member k1 to energize the magnet 28 for typing the letter R".on machine 24. The tape f will be advanced one step when the manually depressed key is released so that contacts c1, c4 and c will, through a pair of transversely aligned perforations f1, *14, engage the drum p1.

The key for printing the letter C on machine `'20 will then be depressed which will close the switches 29, 3@ associated with said key. Magnets ml, m* will then be energized by current from contacts c1, c to close switches s1, s4 which will then establish a. circuit via conductor c, switch i1,Y conductor, the rst contact to the left of switch .s, switch-member u2, conductor to energize will close switch 1'13; Current magnet e which wlil then flow from the conductor 35 connected to the closed switch 29, via. the first pair of contacts -i'rom the left of the section of the switch 1-13 to which said closed switch 29 is connected, a conductor 35", a conductor l5, a'switch-member l', and a switch-member k1. to energize the magnet '2l for typing the letter A" on machine 24. The

tape j' will be advanced one step when the man? magnet mI to shift the switch k to the left to engage contacts k3.

The key for typing the letter "F. on machine 29 is then depressed and closes the switches 29 and39 associated with said key, Switch 30 will close the circuit for energizing magnets m1, m4 and m" and shift the switches s1 and s4 and magnet cl3 will be energized so that switch r13.will be closed. Current will ow from the conductor 35 which is connected to the closed switch 29, via the second pair of contacts to the left of the section of the switch 113 to which the closed switch 29 is connected, a conductor 35a, a; contact Z3, a switchmember l', a contact 7c3, and a switch-member k1,

to energize the magnet 28 for typing the letter C on machine 24. yIhe tape will be advanced one step when the manually depressed key is released and contacts c?, c4 will, through a, pair of Atransversely aligned perforations f2, f4, engage the drum p1.

'I'he operator then depresses the key'for typing the letter I on machine 20 and closes Vswitches 29, 39 associated with said key. 'I'he vclosed switch 3d will close the circuits for energizing magnets m2 and m4 to close switches s2, s4 which will establish a circuit via a conductor 35, a switch s1, a conductor t0, theleft handcontact of switch s4, a switch-member u3, and a conductor 45, to energize the magnet 812 which will close the switch 112. Current will then ilow from the conductor 35 connected to the closed switch 29, via the third pair of contacts from the left of the section of switch r1, to which said switch 29 is connected, a conductor 35, a contact Z3, a switch member l', a contact k3, and a switch-member k1, to energize the magnet 28 for typing the letter E on machine 2t. The original message Grace will then be typed on machine 2d.

The invention exemplifies cryptographic ,equipment for use with two typewriting machines, comprising mechanism automatically and selectively controlled by a code or a record or code elements on a tape for controlling the typing of a cryptogram on one machine while the plain text of the original message is typed on the other. The invention also exemplies equipment which may be used for autmatically translating a cryptogram while it isbeing typed on one machine, through codf controlled mechanism, 'to a typed message in its original text on-the other machine. V,The invention also exemplies automatic and selective control mechanism for these purposes-which is controlled by a code on a tape or a record which aii'ects the translations automatically without mental eiTort. The invention also exemplifies control mechanism for these purposes in which the same or a like perforated tape may be used for automatically coding and typing a printed message and decoding and typing it. The invention also exemplifies cryptographic equipment which can be operated substantially at the same speed with which typewriting machines are ordinarilyfoperated and 4by which .errors in translation will be avoided.

The invention is not to be understood as restricted to the details herein set forthysince these may be modied within the scope of the appended claims' Withgut departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Having thusdescribed the invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patcnt is:

1. In'equipment or the character described, the' combination with a typewriting machine equipped with manually controlled type-bars for printing a set of characters, and a second machine equipped with a set of electromagnetically controlled type-bars for printing a like set of characters, of a record provided with code-elements for coding the characters printed on the machine with manually controlled type-bars and mechanism and connections, controlled by said codeelements, for automatically and selectively controlling the simultaneous printing of a translation on the second machine of the characters printed by the manually controlled type-bars, said mechanism comprising switch means for alternately selecting, for operation, one-half of the electromagnetically operated type bars, and means, controlled by the code-elementsf-for automaticallv shifting said switch means.

2. In equipment of the character described, the combination with a typewriting machine equipped with manually controlled type-bars for printing a set of characters, and a second machine equipped with a set of type-bars for printing a like set of characters and electromagneticV devices for `controlling the operation of said last named bars, of a tape provided with perforations forming a code for coding the characters printed on the machine with manually controlled type-bars and mechanisms and connections, controlled by said perforations, for automatically and selectively controlling the simultaneous printing of a translation on the second machine of the characters printed by the manually controlled type-bars, said mechanism comprising switch means for alternatelyselecting one-half of the electromagnetic devices, and means controlled by the perforations in the tape for automatically shifting said switch means.

3. In equipment of the character described, the combination vwith a -typewriting. machine equipped with type-bars for printing aset of characters and keys for manually controlling said type-bars, and a second typewriting machine equipped with a set of type-bars for printing a like set of characters, and electromagnets for `controlling the printing by the last named typebars, of a tape provided with perforations arranged according tora code for coding the characters printed on the machine with manually equipped with type-bars for printing a set of characters and keys for manually controlling said type-bars, and a 'second typewriting machine equipped with a set of type-bars for printing a like set of characters, and electromagnets for controlling the printing by the last named typebars, of a tape provided with perforations arranged according to a code for coding the charvacters printed on the machine withmanually controlled type-bars, mechanism controlled by the perforations -for controlling the printing of a translation of the characters printed by the operation of the keys, said mechanism compris-.

ing avseries of switches for connecting the manually controlled keys an'd the 'electromagnetic devices, a series of switches permutably controlled by the periorations in the tape for selectively controlling the connection-switches, and switchrneans between the permutably controlled switches and the connection-switches for varying the selection of the connection-switches by the permutably controlled switches.

5. In equipment oi the character described, the combination with a equipped with type-bars for printing a set of characters and keys for manually controlling said type-bars, and a second typewriting machine equipped with a set of type-bars for printing a like set of characters, and electromagnets for controlling the printing by the last named typetypewriting machine controlled type-bars, mechanism controlled by the perforations. for controlling the printing of a. translation of the characters printed by the operation of the keys, comprising a series of connections controlled by the keys for controlling current to the electromagnets, a series of switches for selectively controlling .said connections, said connections also including switch means for alternately selecting groups of the electromagnets,

bars, oi a tape provided with perforations arranged according to a code for coding the characters printed on the machine with manually controlled type-bars, mechanism controlled by the perforations for controlling the printing of a translation of the characters printed by the operation of the keys, comprising aseries of permutably operable switches controlled by the keys for supplying current to the electromagnets, a series of switches for controllingsaid connections and selectively controlled by the permutably controlled switches, switch means in said connections ior alternately selecting groups of the electromagnets, and means `controlled b y the tape for controlling said last named switch'means.

S. in equipment of the character described, the combination with a typewriting machine equipped with type-bars for printing a set of characters and keys for manually controlling said type-bars, and a second typewriting machine equipped with a set of type-bars for printing a like set of characters, and electromagnets for controlling the printing by the last named typebars, of a tape provided with perforations arranged according to a code for coding the charactors printed on the machine with manually means controlled by the tape for controlling said last named switch means, and manually operable switch means between the connections for varying the connections to the electromagnets.

'7. In equipment of the character described, the

combination with a typewriting machine equipped with type-bars for printing a set of characters and keys for manually controlling said typebars, and a second typewriting machine equipped with a set of type-bars for printing a like set of characters, and electromagnets forcontrolling the printing by the last named type-bars, of a tape provided with perforations arranged according to a code for coding the characters printed on the machine with manually controlled type-bars, mechanism controlled by the perforations for controlling the printing of a translation of the characters printed by the operation of the keys,l comprising a series of permutably operable switches controlled by the perforations in the tape, connections controlled by the keys for controlling current to the electromagnets, a series of switches in said connections, selectively controlled by the permutably controlled switches, said connections also including switch means for alternately selecting groups of the electromagnets, means controlled by the tape for controlling said last named switch means, manually operable switch means between the permutably oper-able switches and the switches in said connection for varying the selection of switches in said connections, and' manually controlled switch-means in theconnections/for varying the selection of the electromagnets.

ARTHUR H. BUCKLEY. 

